Sputum mast cell/basophil gene expression relates to inflammatory and clinical features of severe asthma

Background: Mast cells (MCs) and basophils are important in asthma pathophysiology, however direct measurement is difficult, and clinical and inflammatory associations in severe asthma are poorly understood. Transcriptomic hallmarks of MCs/basophils may allow their measurement in sputum using gene expression. Objectives: This study sought to develop and validate a sputum MC/basophil gene signature and investigate its relationship to inflammatory and clinical characteristics of severe asthma. Methods: A total of 134 candidate MC/basophil genes (identified by the Immunological Genome Project Consortium) were screened in sputum microarray for differential expression among control subjects (n = 18), patients with eosinophilic (n = 29), and patients with noneosinophilic asthma (n = 30). Candidate genes were validated by confirming correlation of gene expression with flow cytometry-quantified sputum MCs and basophils in a separate asthma cohort (n = 20). The validated gene signature was measured in a severe asthma cohort (n = 81), and inflammatory and clinical associations were tested. Results: Through microarray screening and subsequent validation, we found quantitative PCR gene expression of 8 targets correlated with sputum MCs/basophils: TPSAB1/ TPSB2, CPA3, ENO2, GATA2, KIT, GPR56, HDC, SOCS2. In severe asthma, MC/basophil genes were associated with eosinophilic airway inflammation (GATA2, TPSB2, CPA3, GPR56, HDC, SOCS2), blood eosinophils (TPSB2, CPA3, GATA2, SOCS2, FCER1A, HDC), fractional exhaled NO (GATA2, SOCS2), decreased lung function (KIT, ENO2), and moderate exacerbation history (GATA2, SOCS2). Conclusions: Quantitative PCR-based measures reflect varying sputum MC/basophil abundance, demonstrating associations of MCs/basophils with eosinophilic inflammation, spirometry and exacerbation history in severe asthma.

Automated summary

This study identified 8 MC/basophil-related genes in sputum and found correlations with eosinophilic inflammation, lung function, and exacerbation history in severe asthma. The gene signature may reflect variations in sputum MC/basophil abundance and their associations with clinical and inflammatory characteristics in severe asthma.