期刊
ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA
卷 214, 期 2, 页码 210-220出版社
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/apha.12501
关键词
capillaries; cardiovascular disease; high blood pressure; physical activity; vascular remodelling
类别
资金
- Danish Council of Independent Research - Medical Sciences
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [320030-144167]
- Danish Council for Independent Research - Medical Sciences [09-066342]
- Danish Heart Foundation [A2441]
- P. Carl Petersens Foundation
AimThe aim was to elucidate whether essential hypertension is associated with altered capillary morphology and density and to what extent exercise training can normalize these parameters. MethodsTo investigate angiogenesis and capillary morphology in essential hypertension, muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis in subjects with essential hypertension (n=10) and normotensive controls (n=11) before and after 8weeks of aerobic exercise training. Morphometry was performed after transmission electron microscopy, and protein levels of several angioregulatory factors were determined. ResultsAt baseline, capillary density and capillary-to-fibre ratio were not different between the two groups. However, the hypertensive subjects had 9% lower capillary area (12.70.4 vs. 13.9 +/- 0.2m(2)) and tended to have thicker capillary basement membranes (399 +/- 16 vs. 358 +/- 13nm; P=0.094) than controls. Protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-2 and thrombospondin-1 were similar in normotensive and hypertensive subjects, but tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase was 69% lower in the hypertensive group. After training, angiogenesis was evident by 15% increased capillary-to-fibre ratio in the hypertensive subjects only. Capillary area and capillary lumen area were increased by 7 and 15% in the hypertensive patients, whereas capillary basement membrane thickness was decreased by 17% (P < 0.05). VEGF expression after training was increased in both groups, whereas VEGF receptor-2 was decreased by 25% in the hypertensive patients(P < 0.05). ConclusionEssential hypertension is associated with decreased lumen area and a tendency for increased basement membrane thickening in capillaries of skeletal muscle. Exercise training may improve the diffusion conditions in essential hypertension by altering capillary structure and capillary number.
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