Immunological Roles of NLR in Allergic Diseases and Its Underlying Mechanisms

Our understanding on the immunological roles of pathogen recognition in innate immunity has vastly increased over the past 20 years. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLR) are cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRR) that are responsible for sensing microbial motifs and endogenous damage signals in mammalian cytosol for immune surveillance and host defense. The accumulating discoveries on these NLR sensors in allergic diseases suggest that the pathogenesis of allergic diseases may not be confined to the adaptive immune response. Therapy targeting NLR in murine models also shields light on its potential in the treatment of allergies in man. In this review, we herein summarize the recent understanding of the role of NLR sensors and their molecular mechanisms involved in allergic inflammation, including atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma.

Automated summary

Over the past 20 years, advancements in understanding the immunological roles of pathogen recognition in innate immunity have shed light on the potential of NLR sensors in treating allergic diseases. Discoveries on NLR sensors in allergic diseases suggest that the pathogenesis of allergies may extend beyond the adaptive immune response, and research on therapy targeting NLR in murine models holds promise for the treatment of allergies in humans.