期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 4, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041568
关键词
bone remodeling; sexual dimorphism; estrogens; estrogen receptor; nuclear effects; ERα MISS
资金
- INSERM
- CHU
- Universite de Toulouse III
- Faculte de Medecine Toulouse-Rangueil
- Fondation de France
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (FRM)
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
- Conseil Regional MidiPyrenees
- Institut Francais pour la Recherche en Odontologie (IFRO)
- Ministry of Health as part of the 3nd National Plan for Rare Diseases (2018-2022)
Bone is a versatile tissue that is regulated by estrogens, with estrogen deficiency being a major cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The effects of estrogens on bone are dependent on bone type, tissue, cell types involved, and gender. New ongoing strategies are being discussed to optimize the benefits and risks of hormonal treatment for menopause.
Bone is a multi-skilled tissue, protecting major organs, regulating calcium phosphate balance and producing hormones. Its development during childhood determines height and stature as well as resistance against fracture in advanced age. Estrogens are key regulators of bone turnover in both females and males. These hormones play a major role in longitudinal and width growth throughout puberty as well as in the regulation of bone turnover. In women, estrogen deficiency is one of the major causes of postmenopausal osteoporosis. In this review, we will summarize the main clinical and experimental studies reporting the effects of estrogens not only in females but also in males, during different life stages. Effects of estrogens on bone involve either Estrogen Receptor (ER)alpha or ER beta depending on the type of bone (femur, vertebrae, tibia, mandible), the compartment (trabecular or cortical), cell types involved (osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes) and sex. Finally, we will discuss new ongoing strategies to increase the benefit/risk ratio of the hormonal treatment of menopause.
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