期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 4, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042213
关键词
extracellular vesicles; exosomes; gut communication; gut immunity; intestinal homeostasis; miRNAs
资金
- Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID)/Scholarship Program/DOCTORADO BECAS CHILE [72180379, 72210404]
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia e innovacion (Minciencias) COLOMBIA/Scholarship Program/DOCTORADO INTERNATIONAL [860]
Cell-cell communication is crucial for maintaining body homeostasis and health, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a significant role in mediating this communication by transferring bioactive molecules between cells. The specific functions of EVs depend on their cargo, which can be influenced by genetic, pathological, and environmental factors. EVs released by cells in the gut have a significant impact on intestinal homeostasis, influencing epithelial barrier integrity, wound healing, immunity, and microbiota shaping.
Communication between cells is crucial to preserve body homeostasis and health. Tightly controlled intercellular dialog is particularly relevant in the gut, where cells of the intestinal mucosa are constantly exposed to millions of microbes that have great impact on intestinal homeostasis by controlling barrier and immune functions. Recent knowledge involves extracellular vesicles (EVs) as mediators of such communication by transferring messenger bioactive molecules including proteins, lipids, and miRNAs between cells and tissues. The specific functions of EVs principally depend on the internal cargo, which upon delivery to target cells trigger signal events that modulate cellular functions. The vesicular cargo is greatly influenced by genetic, pathological, and environmental factors. This finding provides the basis for investigating potential clinical applications of EVs as therapeutic targets or diagnostic biomarkers. Here, we review current knowledge on the biogenesis and cargo composition of EVs in general terms. We then focus the attention to EVs released by cells of the intestinal mucosa and their impact on intestinal homeostasis in health and disease. We specifically highlight their role on epithelial barrier integrity, wound healing of epithelial cells, immunity, and microbiota shaping. Microbiota-derived EVs are not reviewed here.
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