期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 5, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052372
关键词
oxytocin; drug addiction; social stress; corticotropin-releasing factor; reward system; animal models; human research; neuroinflammation
资金
- Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espana (MINECO), Direccion General de Investigacion [PSI2017-83023-R]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RTA) [RETICS RD16/0017/0007]
- Union Europea, Fondos FEDER A way to build Europe
- FPI grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities [PRE2018-084159]
Oxytocin plays a crucial role in regulating addiction, with positive effects in mitigating drug abuse and buffering against stress. However, continuous stress or drug use can lead to dysregulation of the oxytocin system, making oxytocin a promising pharmacotherapy to restore natural benefits and rebalance the addicted brain's functions.
There is huge scientific interest in the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) due to its putative capacity to modulate a wide spectrum of physiological and cognitive processes including motivation, learning, emotion, and the stress response. The present review seeks to increase the understanding of the role of OXT in an individual's vulnerability or resilience with regard to developing a substance use disorder. It places specific attention on the role of social stress as a risk factor of addiction, and explores the hypothesis that OXT constitutes a homeostatic response to stress that buffers against its negative impact. For this purpose, the review summarizes preclinical and clinical literature regarding the effects of OXT in different stages of the addiction cycle. The current literature affirms that a well-functioning oxytocinergic system has protective effects such as the modulation of the initial response to drugs of abuse, the attenuation of the development of dependence, the blunting of drug reinstatement and a general anti-stress effect. However, this system is dysregulated if there is continuous drug use or chronic exposure to stress. In this context, OXT is emerging as a promising pharmacotherapy to restore its natural beneficial effects in the organism and to help rebalance the functions of the addicted brain.
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