Real-Time Forecasting of sEMG Features for Trunk Muscle Fatigue Using Machine Learning

Objective: Several features of the surface electromyography (sEMG) signal are related to muscle activity and fatigue. However, the time-evolution of these features are non-stationary and vary between subjects. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of adaptive algorithms to forecast sEMG feature of the trunk muscles. Methods: Shallow models and a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) were used to simultaneously learn and forecast 5 common sEMG features in real-time to provide tailored predictions. This was investigated for: up to a 25 second horizon; for 14 different muscles in the trunk; across 13 healthy subjects; while they were performing various exercises. Results: The CNN was able to forecast 25 seconds ahead of time, with 6.88% mean absolute percentage error and 3.72% standard deviation of absolute percentage error, across all the features. Moreover, the CNN outperforms the best shallow model in terms of a figure of merit combining accuracy and precision by at least 30% for all the 5 features. Conclusion: Even though the sEMG features are non-stationary and vary between subjects, adaptive learning and forecasting, especially using CNNs, can provide accurate and precise forecasts across a range of physical activities. Significance: The proposed models provide the groundwork for a wearable device which can forecast muscle fatigue in the trunk, so as to potentially prevent low back pain. Additionally, the explicit real-time forecasting of sEMG features provides a general model which can be applied to many applications of muscle activity monitoring, which helps practitioners and physiotherapists improve therapy.

Automated summary

This study investigates the use of adaptive algorithms, specifically a deep convolutional neural network, to forecast sEMG features of trunk muscles. The CNN can accurately forecast 25 seconds ahead with good precision, outperforming shallow models and providing guidance for muscle fatigue prediction and therapy.