期刊
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
卷 31, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2020.3033998
关键词
Finite element method (FEM); H-phi formulation; H-formulation; high-temperature superconductor (HTS)
资金
- Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologies (FRQNT)
- TransMedTech Institute
- Canada First Research Excellence Fund
The H-phi formulation is an effective method for modeling electromagnetic phenomena involving superconducting materials, showing better performance in computation compared to the H formulation by significantly reducing degrees of freedom and computation times. The accuracy of magnetic fields obtained with both formulations are similar, but the computational benefits of the H-phi formulation outweigh its complexity.
The H-formulation, used abundantly for the simulation of high-temperature superconductors, has shown to be a very versatile and easily implementable way of modeling electromagnetic phenomena involving superconducting materials. However, the simulation of a full vector field in current-free domains unnecessarily adds degrees of freedom to the model, thereby increasing computation times. In this contribution, we implement the well-known H-phi formulation in COMSOL multiphysics in order to compare the numerical performance of the H and H-phi formulations in the context of computing the magnetization of bulk superconductors. We showthat the H-phi formulation can reduce the number of degrees of freedom and computation times by nearly a factor of two for a given relative error. The accuracy of the magnetic fields obtained with both formulations are demonstrated to be similar. The computational benefits of the H-phi formulation are shown to far outweigh the added complexity of its implementation, especially in 3-D. Finally, we identify the ideal element orders for both H and H-f formulations to be quartic in 2-D and cubic in 3-D, corresponding to the highest element orders implementable in COMSOL.
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