A critical appraisal of the pharmacological management of stable angina

The once dominant plaque-centric model of the pathophysiology and management of coronary artery disease (CAD) has long been questioned by a bulk of experimental and clinical evidence suggesting, among others, that coronary artery obstruction is not synonymous with myocardial ischaemia, ischaemia may occur in the absence of obstructive lesions and may persist after successful coronary revascularization, while elective revascularization provides little or no prognostic benefit. As a result, a paradigm shift has been suggested taking into consideration the multifactorial aspect of CAD such as microvascular disease and the consequences of ischemia at the level of cardiomyocyte. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to the medical management of patients with chronic CAD and stable angina, based on the properties of the drugs currently available in the anti-ischemic armamentarium in relation to the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia. In this approach, pharmacological therapy is organized into three steps, including disease-modifying therapy for all patients with chronic CAD, pathophysiology-based anti-ischaemic therapy for patients with stable angina and symptomatic therapy in patients with persistent anginal symptoms. (C) 2021 Hellenic Society of Cardiology. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.

Automated summary

The traditional plaque-centric model of CAD pathophysiology and management has been questioned, leading to a paradigm shift considering the multifactorial aspect of CAD. An alternative medical management approach based on drug properties in relation to myocardial ischemia pathophysiology has been proposed for chronic CAD and stable angina patients, organized into disease-modifying therapy, pathophysiology-based anti-ischaemic therapy, and symptomatic therapy.