Old and modern wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and their potential to elicit celiac disease

One potential explanation for the increasing prevalence of celiac disease (CD) over the past decades is that breeding may have inadvertently changed the immunoreactive potential of wheat. To test this hypothesis, we quantitated four CD-active peptides, namely the 33-mer and peptides containing the DQ2.5-glia-alpha 1a/DQ2.5-glia-alpha 2 (P1), DQ2.5-glia-alpha 3 (P2) and DQ2.5-glia-gamma 1 (P3) epitopes, in a set of 60 German hexaploid winter wheat cultivars from 1891 to 2010 and grown in three consecutive years. The contents of CD-active peptides were affected more by the harvest year than by the cultivar. The 33-mer and P1 peptides showed no tendency regarding their absolute contents in the flour, but they tended to increase slightly over time when calculated relative to the alpha-gliadins. No trends in relative or absolute values were observed for the P2 and P3 peptides derived from alpha- and gamma-gliadins. Therefore, the immunoreactive potential of old and modern wheat cultivars appears to be similar.

Automated summary

Analysis of the quantities of four CD-active peptides in 60 German hexaploid winter wheat cultivars from 1891 to 2010 showed that breeding has not significantly altered the immunoreactive potential of wheat. The levels of CD-active peptides were more influenced by harvest year than by cultivar, indicating similar immunoreactive potential in old and modern wheat cultivars.