Facile synthesis of magnetic sulfonated covalent organic framework composites for simultaneous dispersive solid-phase extraction and determination of β-agonists and fluoroquinolones in food samples

In this work, an efficient method for the determination of beta-agonists and fluoroquinolones was established, based on a mixed-mode sorbent of magnetic sulfonated covalent organic framework composites. By coupling with HPLC-MS/MS, the main factors that affect the extraction procedure were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed HPLC-MS/MS method was successfully utilized for the extraction of beta-agonists and fluoroquinolones in milk and pork meat samples. The method showed good linearities (R-2 >= 0.9916), and low LOQs of 0.1-0.2 ng g(-1) for beta-agonists and fluoroquinolones. The adsorption mechanism was investigated with the assistance of quantum chemistry calculation method, and it is worth noting that the sorbent relied mainly on the multiple adsorption mechanisms, including pi-pi stacking, hydrophobic, electrostatic attraction and hydrogen-bonding interactions. This work not only provides a simple method for the preparation of a mixed-mode sorbent, but also a routine analysis strategy for monitoring the illegal use of beta-agonists and fluoroquinolones.

Automated summary

An efficient method for the determination of beta-agonists and fluoroquinolones was established using a mixed-mode sorbent, achieving successful extraction in milk and pork meat samples with good linearities and low limits of quantification. The sorbent relied on multiple adsorption mechanisms for extraction, providing a routine analysis strategy for monitoring the illegal use of these substances.