期刊
EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
卷 246, 期 9, 页码 1069-1083出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/1535370221989263
关键词
Excitatory; inhibitory balance; glutamate transport; GABA transport; EAATs; GATs; system x(c)
资金
- NINDS of the National Institutes of Health [1R01NS105767, 2R01NS051445]
An optimally functional brain requires a regulated and balanced combination of excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Imbalance in this interplay, as seen in various neurological disorders and developmental disorders, can lead to dysfunctional signaling and impaired cognitive or motor function. The neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA play a key role in controlling this balance at the cellular level.
An optimally functional brain requires both excitatory and inhibitory inputs that are regulated and balanced. A perturbation in the excitatory/inhibitory balance-as is the case in some neurological disorders/diseases (e.g. traumatic brain injury Alzheimer's disease, stroke, epilepsy and substance abuse) and disorders of development (e.g. schizophrenia, Rhett syndrome and autism spectrum disorder)-leads to dysfunctional signaling, which can result in impaired cognitive and motor function, if not frank neuronal injury. At the cellular level, transmission of glutamate and GABA, the principle excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system control excitatory/inhibitory balance. Herein, we review the synthesis, release, and signaling of GABA and glutamate followed by a focused discussion on the importance of their transport systems to the maintenance of excitatory/inhibitory balance.
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