Low pre-stimulus EEG alpha power amplifies visual awareness but not visual sensitivity

Pre-stimulus oscillatory neural activity has been linked to the level of awareness of sensory stimuli. More specifically, the power of low-frequency oscillations (primarily in the alpha-band, i.e., 8-14 Hz) prior to stimulus onset is inversely related to measures of subjective performance in visual tasks, such as confidence and visual awareness. Intriguingly, the same EEG signature does not seem to influence objective measures of task performance (i.e., accuracy). We here examined whether this dissociation holds when stringent accuracy measures are used. Previous EEG-studies have employed 2-alternative forced choice (2-AFC) discrimination tasks to link prestimulus oscillatory activity to correct/incorrect responses as an index of accuracy/objective performance at the single-trial level. However, 2-AFC tasks do not provide a good estimate of single-trial accuracy, as many of the responses classified as correct will be contaminated by guesses (with the chance correct response rate being 50%). Here instead, we employed a 19-AFC letter identification task to measure accuracy and the subjectively reported level of perceptual awareness on each trial. As the correct guess rate is negligible (-5%), this task provides a purer measure of accuracy. Our results replicate the inverse relationship between pre-stimulus alpha/ beta-band power and perceptual awareness ratings in the absence of a link to discrimination accuracy. Pre-stimulus oscillatory phase did not predict either subjective awareness or accuracy. Our results hence confirm a dissociation of the pre-stimulus EEG power-task performance link for subjective versus objective measures of performance, and further substantiate pre-stimulus alpha power as a neural predictor of visual awareness.

Automated summary

Pre-stimulus oscillatory neural activity, particularly in the alpha/beta frequency bands, shows an inverse relationship with subjective perceptual awareness but not objective discrimination accuracy in visual tasks. This dissociation is confirmed when stricter accuracy measures are used, highlighting pre-stimulus alpha power as a neural predictor of visual awareness.