期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
卷 271, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116271
关键词
Bacillus thuringiensis; Plutella xylostella; Gut microbiota; Midgut immune response; Cry1Ac protoxin
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31972345]
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong, China [2018A030313402, 2019A1515011221]
Research shows that the interaction between Bt Cry1Ac protoxin and gut microbiota accelerates mortality of P. xylostella larvae, causing dynamic changes in the microbiota and reducing susceptibility to Bt. Cry1Ac protoxin and gut microbiota also trigger host midgut immune responses.
Insect gut microbiotas have a variety of physiological functions for host growth, development, and immunity. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is known to kill insect pests by releasing insecticidal protoxins, which are activated in the insect midgut. However, the interplay among Bt infection, host immunity, and gut microbiota are still unclear. Here we show that Bt Cry1Ac protoxin interacts with the gut microbiota to accelerate the mortality of P. xylostella larvae. Cry1Ac protoxin was found to cause a dynamic change in the midgut and hemocoel microbiota of P. xylostella, with a significant increase in bacterial load and a significant reduction in bacterial diversity. In turn, loss of gut microbiota significantly decreased the Bt susceptibility of P. xylostella larvae. The introduction of three gut bacterial isolates Enterococcus mundtii (PxG1), Carnobacterium maltaromaticum (PxCG2), and Acinetobacter guillouiae (PxCG3) restored sensitivity to Bt Cry1Ac protoxin. We also found that Cry1Ac protoxin and native gut microbiota can trigger host midgut immune response, which involves the up-regulation of expression of Toll and IMD pathway genes and most antimicrobial peptide genes, respectively. Our findings further shed light on the interplay between insect gut microbiota and host immunity under the Bt toxin killing pressure, and this may provide insights for improving the management of Bt resistance and lead to new strategies for biological control of insect pests. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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