期刊
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
卷 23, 期 -, 页码 17-35出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/dom.14270
关键词
appetite control; energy regulation; obesity therapy
Obesity is a major health challenge affecting nearly 700 million people globally, with a variety of factors such as genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and cultural habits contributing to its development. The pathophysiology of obesity connects neuro-endocrine and metabolic disturbances with genetics, epigenetics, and environmental influences.
Obesity is one of the biggest health challenges of the 21st century, already affecting close to 700 million people worldwide, debilitating and shortening lives and costing billions of pounds in healthcare costs and loss of workability. Body weight homeostasis relies on complex biological mechanisms and the development of obesity occurs on a background of genetic susceptibility and an environment promoting increased caloric intake and reduced physical activity. The pathophysiology of common obesity links neuro-endocrine and metabolic disturbances with behavioural changes, genetics, epigenetics and cultural habits. Also, specific causes of obesity exist, including monogenetic diseases and iatrogenic causes. In this review, we provide an overview of obesity mechanisms in humans with a focus on energy homeostasis, endocrine regulation of food intake and eating behavior, as well as the most common specific causes of obesity.
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