4.7 Article

Degradation kinetics of prometryn and formation of disinfection by-products during chlorination

期刊

CHEMOSPHERE
卷 276, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130089

关键词

Prometryn; Kinetics; Chlorination; Herbicide; Disinfection by-products (DBPs); Drinking water treatment

资金

  1. Natural Science Foundation of China, China [51678354]
  2. Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology, China [17DZ2282800]
  3. Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan [107-2221-E-992008-MY3]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

In this study, the factors affecting the degradation kinetics of prometryn chlorination were investigated, including solution pH, bromide and ammonium concentrations, and temperature. The results showed that the presence of bromide and the increase of temperature accelerated the degradation rate of prometryn during chlorination, while the pH significantly affected the formation and distribution of disinfection by-products (DBPs).
Prometryn is a herbicide that is widely used and frequently detected in aqueous environment and soil. Prometryn is chemically stable, biologically toxic, and easily to accumulate in living bodies, which can cause accumulate in the environment and acute and chronic toxicity to living creatures. In this study, factors affecting the degradation kinetics of prometryn chlorination were studied, including solution pH, bromide and ammonium concentrations, and temperature. Prometryn reacted quickly with aqueous chlorine following the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The maximum pseudo-first-order rate constant (k(app)) appeared at pH 5 with the observed rate constant (k(obs)) as 190. 08 h(-1); the minimum value of kapp reached at pH 9 with kobs as 5.26 h(-1). The presence of Br- and increase of temperature both accelerated the degradation rate of prometryn during chlorination. The activation energy was calculated as 31.80 kJ/mol. Meanwhile 6 disinfection by-products (DBPs) were detected, namely: chloroform (CF), trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), dichloroacetone, trichloronitromethane (TCNM), and trichloroacetone. Solution pH significantly affected the formation and distribution of DBPs. CF was the most formed carbonated DBP (C-DBP) with the maximum of 217.9 mg/L at pH 8, and its formation was significantly higher in alkaline conditions. For nitrogenated DBPs (N-DBPs), the yields of DCAN and TCAN were significantly higher in acidic conditions, while the maximum of TCNM achieved in neutral conditions. Because the toxicity of N-DBPs is higher than that of C-DBPs, the pH should be controlled in neutral or slight alkaline conditions during prometryn chlorination to effectively control DBP formation and reduce the related toxicity. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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