Methods, principles and applications of optical detection of metal ios

Heavy metal elements were widely used in alloy manufacturing, medical treatment, food additive, military industry and other fields, which were harmful to human body. Optical detection was a non-contact nondestructive detection method, which had the advantages of high selectivity, high sensitivity and low cost, and had important applications and prospects in environmental monitoring and biological science. In this paper, the optical detection methods, detection principles and detection methods of 12 kinds of metal ions (Ag+, Al3+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+,Hg2+,Pb2+, Pd2+,Zn2+) were reviewed. Fluorescence, colorimetry and spectral change were the main detection methods. Fluorescence detection methods mainly included fluorescence quenching, fluorescence enhancement and fluorescence spectrum changes; The colorimetric method included the change of color and the change of ultraviolet absorption spectrum; The spectral changes mainly included circular dichroism, phosphorescence and surface enhanced Raman scattering, etc. Photoinduced electron transfer, intramolecular charge transfer and fluorescence resonance energy transfer were the primary principles of optical detection. The application prospect and main challenges of optical detection were discussed.

Automated summary

This paper discussed the harmful effects of heavy metal elements and the applications of optical detection in environmental monitoring and biological science, summarizing the optical detection methods and principles of 12 metal ions.