期刊
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
卷 417, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.129146
关键词
Antibiotics; Forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (FOMBR); Forward osmosis (FO); Municipal wastewater; Biodegradation; Biosorption
资金
- Singapore National Research Foundation [R-279-000-338-281]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51808297]
- Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program [2019QN01L125]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China [2019ZD21]
A hybrid microfiltration forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (MF-FOMBR) was utilized to treat raw municipal wastewater containing 20 commonly used antibiotics, showing efficient removal of most antibiotics except for some with low biodegradability and adsorption capacity. The study highlighted the importance of improving overall removal of antibiotics through the development of denser membranes or integration of physiochemical treatments.
A hybrid microfiltration forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (MF-FOMBR) was operated with raw municipal wastewater as feed. The fate and removal behaviors of 20 commonly used antibiotics were investigated. With the influent concentration of 4.1-716.9 ng/L (the most prevalent antibiotics were enrofloxacin, sulfamethazine and cefalexin, followed by amoxicillin, lomefloxacin and ampicillin), the system showed 58.9-100% overall removal of all the antibiotics. Almost all the antibiotics was rejected efficiently (86.1-100%) by the FO membrane, except for sulfonamides and trimethoprim (as low as 71.0%) due to their low molecular weights (M.W., 250.1-278.1 g/mol). However, relatively low biological removal (8.7-45.7%) was observed for most antibiotics, except for macrolides (70.6-90.1%) which was effectively removed via biosorption, and beta-Lactams (up to 64.6%) which is readily biodegradable, resulting in their significant accumulation (up to 3.4 folds, with the maximum concentration of 1831.5, 1056.7 and 626.3 ng/L for sulfamethazine, enrofloxacin, and cefalexin, respectively) in the mixed liquor. Different antibiotics showed distinct affinities for sorption to the activated sludge. The solid/liquid partitioning of the antibiotics is governed by their hydrophobicity. All the antibiotics was detected in the draw solution (DS) (with average concentrations of 3.8-100.4 ng/L, and enrofloxacin, amoxicillin and sulfamethazine being the most predominant ones) except macrolides in certain cases, highlighting the need to improve their overall removal via the development and application of denser membranes or integration of necessary physiochemical treatment. The side-stream MF unit acted as a major exit (>50.1% of total mass) for the poorly biodegradable and poorly adsorbed antibiotics to leave the system, preventing their further contamination of the DS. The enrichment of the antibiotics in the MF effluent would also facilitate their final elimination via subsequent advanced treatments.
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