Synthesis of 3D-interconnected hierarchical porous carbon from heavy fraction of bio-oil using crayfish shell as the biological template for high-performance supercapacitors

The practical application of raw biomass in high-performance supercapacitors is mainly hindered by virtue of their relatively rare efficient storage sites and low diffusion kinetics. Herein, hierarchical porous carbons (HPCs) are synthesized from heavy fraction of bio-oil (HB) based on a hard-template method accompanied by different NaOH activation temperatures. Thanks to the favorable 3D-interconnected hierarchical porous structure, ultrahigh specific surface area (3095 m(2) g(-1)), large total pore volume (1.66 cm(3) g(-1)), as well as reasonable content of oxygen atoms (7.83 at. %), CSB-800 delivers a prominent gravimetric specific capacitance of 351 F g(-1) (0.5 A g(-1)), which is considerably superior or at least comparable than previously reported for other biomass-based materials. In addition, the assembled CSB-800//CSB-800 symmetric supercapacitors can reach a superior energy density of 20 W h kg(-1) at a power density of 350 W kg(-1) (0.5 A g(-1)). The route proposed for preparing HB-based HPCs broadens a new horizon in exploring large-scale synthesis of electrode materials from industrial by-product and kitchen waste. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Hierarchical porous carbons (HPCs) with favorable 3D-interconnected structure were synthesized from the heavy fraction of bio-oil, delivering excellent capacitance performance in supercapacitors. The materials exhibit high specific surface area, large total pore volume, and impressive gravimetric specific capacitance, promising potential for large-scale synthesis of electrode materials from industrial by-products and kitchen waste.