期刊
BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
卷 106, 期 4, 页码 690-699出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03139-1
关键词
Non‐ steroidal anti‐ inflammatory drugs; Sewage sludge; QuEChERS; d-SPE; Ecological risk assessment; Nigeria
An optimized QuEChERS method was used to extract diclofenac and ibuprofen from sewage sludge, followed by ecological risk assessment. Results indicated high risk posed by ibuprofen to fish, daphnia, algae, and bacteria.
A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method was optimized for the extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) diclofenac and ibuprofen from sewage sludge. Dispersive-solid phase extraction (d-SPE) was employed for sample clean-up. Instrumental analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Ecological risk was assessed for four trophic levels: fish, daphnia, algae and bacteria. The method limits of quantification for diclofenac and ibuprofen were 0.43 mu g g(- 1) and 0.45 mu g g(- 1), respectively. Correlation coefficients were above 0.999. Extraction recoveries ranged from 70 to 118 % and satisfactory inter-day reproducibility (% RSD) of < 18 % was obtained. Diclofenac and ibuprofen were measured up to 1.02 mu g g(- 1) and 6.6 mu g g(- 1), respectively in sewage sludge from three Nigerian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Ibuprofen posed high risk to fish, daphnia, algae and bacteria. This work presents the first report on the ecological risk assessment of diclofenac and ibuprofen in sewage sludge from Nigerian WWTPs.
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