期刊
BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
卷 133, 期 2, 页码 512-530出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa205
关键词
Espinhaco Range; long distance pollinators; OCBIL; pollination systems; rocky outcrops; rupestrian grassland; Serra do Cipo; The James Effect
资金
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP): Microsoft Research Institute [2013/50155-0]
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [400717/2013-1]
- CAPESP -Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brasil (CAPES) [001]
- Red Cyted-Sepodi-Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnologia para el Desarrollo [417RT0527]
- National Institutes for Science and Technology (INCT) [465610/2014-5]
- PNSC
- PELD-CRSC
- FAPESP-Vale grant [2010/51307-0, 2009/54208-6]
- FAPESP [2015/10754-8, 2018/21646-0]
- CNPq [311820/2018-2]
- [161293/2015-8]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [15/10754-8] Funding Source: FAPESP
The campo rupestre is a unique Neotropical OCBIL with high species richness and endemism, characterized by rocky outcrops surrounded by grasslands. The study showed that long-distance pollinators play a key role in ensuring cross-pollination in this landscape, with bee pollination being dominant. Different pollination systems varied in frequency across elevation and vegetation types. Long-distance pollinators like large bees and hummingbirds were more prevalent in highly isolated rocky outcrops.
The campo rupestre is a Neotropical OCBIL (old, climatically buffered infertile landscape), a grassy-shrub vegetation with high species richness and endemism, characterized by rocky outcrops surrounded by grasslands distributed in South American ancient mountaintops. We tested one OCBIL prediction: the prevalence of long-distance pollinators ensuring cross-pollination across the archipelago-like landscapes of the campo rupestre. We described the pollination systems and tested whether their frequency differed across vegetation types and elevation, focusing on long-distance systems. We performed non-systematic and systematic surveys of plants and plant-pollinator interactions across the elevation gradient and vegetation types. We also reviewed the literature on campo rupestre pollination and applied an accuracy criterion to infer 11 pollination systems. The bee system was split into large bee (long-distance) and small bee (shorter distances) to test the prevalence of long-distance pollination systems. We surveyed 413 pollinator species, mostly bees (220) and flies (69). Among the 636 plant species studied, the bee pollination system was dominant (56%), followed by wind and hummingbird. Wind, small-bee and fly pollination systems increased with elevation, and small-bee and wind pollination systems prevailed in grasslands. Large-bee and hummingbird long-distance pollination systems remained unchanged with elevation and were more frequent in the highly isolated rocky outcrops corroborating the OCBIL theory.
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