Measurement of phase and group refractive indices and dispersion of thermo-optic and strain-optic coeffients of optical fibers using weak fiber Bragg gratings

In this work we report on the measurement, with record accuracy, of the absolute modal effective refraction index (phase index) of single-mode optical fibers by using Bragg gratings. We also demonstrate a new method to measure the group index of the fibers from the grating's Bragg wavelength. We present as well the characterization of the thermo-optic and strain-optic coefficients as a function of the wavelength; the values we have obtained are the closest to those of pristine fiber measured with gratings technology so far. The phase index is measured with a set of gratings in the wavelength ranges from 1509 to 1563 nm, and the group index is obtained from the wavelength dependence of the phase index. Very weak gratings with reflectivity down to 10(-3) have been used in order to minimize the perturbation of the pristine fiber. Results are presented at a temperature of 22 degrees C and zero strain after preliminary calibration of the thermo-optic and strain-optic coefficients as a function of the wavelength. Accuracies better than 3 x 10(-5) and 7 x 10(-4) have been achieved for the phase and group indices, respectively. It is also shown that the main source of error relates to the uncertainty in pitch of the phase masks used for grating inscription. The technique is useful for testing different kinds of fibers including telecommunication, amplifying, and polarization maintaining. (C) 2021 Optical Society of America

Automated summary

This work reports the accurate measurement of the absolute modal effective refraction index and group index of single-mode optical fibers using Bragg gratings, achieving results close to the values of pristine fibers. The technique is useful for testing different types of fibers and has the potential for various applications after careful calibration.