Incentive-based integrated demand response for multiple energy carriers under complex uncertainties and double coupling effects

Incentive-based integrated demand response has been recognized as a power tool to mitigate supply-demand imbalance in integrated energy systems with high penetration of renewable energy resources. However, complex uncertainties including output uncertainty of renewable energy sources in supply side and responsiveness uncertainty of consumers in demand side and double coupling effects including energy conversion effect in multi energy aggregator side and appliance coupling effect in consumer side have been a central challenge to design incentive strategies of integrated demand response programs. In this paper, considering the above two uncertainties and two coupling effects, an incentive-based integrated demand response model for multiple energy carriers is proposed. Besides, our model improves the conventional model of energy storage unit to cope with the balancing power deviation from both under-target response and over-target response. In addition, the applicability of integrated demand response is enhanced to be applicable to scenarios where both curtailment integrated demand response programs and absorbing integrated demand response programs are planned simultaneously by adding dynamic parameters. The model is formulated as a bi-level stochastic programming problem based on uncertain programming theory, and corresponding equivalent model is also given to solve the problem effectively. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model can achieve a win-win situation between multi-energy aggregator and consumers, showing merits in decreasing the total costs and the risk costs of multi energy aggregator and increasing the profits of consumers.

Automated summary

Incentive-based integrated demand response is recognized as an effective tool to address supply-demand imbalances in energy systems with high levels of renewable energy. However, challenges such as uncertainties in renewable energy output and consumer responsiveness, as well as double coupling effects, have made designing incentive strategies difficult. The proposed model aims to optimize these uncertainties and coupling effects to achieve a win-win situation for multi-energy aggregators and consumers.