A Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase Inhibitor with Broad-Spectrum Antimycobacterial Activity

Global infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are steadily rising. New drugs are needed to treat NTM infections, but the NTM drug pipeline remains poorly populated and focused on repurposing or reformulating approved antibiotics. We sought to accelerate de novo NTM drug discovery by testing advanced compounds with established activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 3-Aminomethyl 4-halogen benzoxaboroles, a novel class of leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors, were recently discovered as active against M. tuberculosis. Here, we report that the benzoxaborole EC/11770 is not only a potent antitubercular agent but is active against the M. abscessus and M. avium complexes. Focusing on M. abscessus, which causes the most-difficult-to-cure NTM disease, we show that EC/11770 retained potency against drug-tolerant biofilms in vitro and was effective in a mouse lung infection model. Resistant mutant selection experiments showed a low frequency of resistance and confirmed leucyl-tRNA synthetase as the target. This work establishes the benzoxaborole EC/11770 as a novel preclinical candidate for the treatment of NTM lung disease and tuberculosis and validates leucyl-tRNA synthetase as an attractive target for the development of broad-spectrum antimycobacterials.

Automated summary

This study identified benzoxaborole EC/11770 as a potential treatment for NTM lung disease, showing activity against M. abscessus and M. avium complexes, including drug-tolerant biofilms. The compound was effective in a mouse model, with low resistance frequency, confirming leucyl-tRNA synthetase as the target for antimycobacterial development.