Transcriptional and Metabolic Control of Memory B Cells and Plasma Cells

For many infections and almost all vaccines, neutralizing-antibody-mediated immunity is the primary basis and best functional correlate of immunological protection. Durable long-term humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies secreted by plasma cells that preexist subsequent exposures and by memory B cells that rapidly respond to infections once they have occurred. In the midst of the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019, it is important to define our current understanding of the unique roles of memory B cells and plasma cells in immunity and the factors that control the formation and persistence of these cell types. This fundamental knowledge is the basis to interpret findings from natural infections and vaccines. Here, we review transcriptional and metabolic programs that promote and support B cell fates and functions, suggesting points at which these pathways do and do not intersect.

Automated summary

The immune protection against infections and vaccines largely relies on the neutralizing-antibody-mediated immunity conferred by memory B cells and plasma cells. Understanding the unique roles of these cells and the factors controlling their formation and persistence are crucial during the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019. Research on the transcriptional and metabolic programs supporting B cell fates and functions can provide insights into the intersection of these pathways.