期刊
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 39
卷 39, 期 -, 页码 251-277出版社
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-110159
关键词
microglia; macrophages; development; single-cell profiling; fate mapping; multiple sclerosis
类别
资金
- Sobek Foundation
- Ernst Jung Foundation
- DFG [SFB 992, SFB1160, SFB/TRR167]
- Ministry of Science, Research and Arts, Baden-Wuerttemberg (Sonderlinie Neuroinflammation)
- DFG under Germany's Excellence Strategy [CIBSS -EXC-2189, 390939984]
- AMED [JP20gm6310016]
- JSPS KAKENHI [20K22687]
- Naito Foundation
- KANAE Foundation for the Promotion of Medical Science
- K99/R00 Pathway to Independence Award from the NIH [1K99NS114111]
- NIH [F32NS101790, NS102807, ES02530, ES029136, AI126880]
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute [T32CA207201]
- Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience at Brigham and Women's Hospital
- Women's Brain Initiative at Brigham and Women's Hospital
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society [RG4111A1]
- International Progressive MS Alliance [PA-1604-08459]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [20K22687] Funding Source: KAKEN
The immune system of the CNS is primarily made up of specialized macrophages, which are found in both the parenchyma and CNS interfaces. These brain-resident cells are considered the most suitable targets for modulating CNS diseases, as they are plastic, long-lived, and carry a large number of risk genes for various pathologies.Recent single-cell technologies have enhanced our understanding of their molecular characteristics and functional cell states during health and perturbation.
The immune system of the central nervous system (CNS) consists primarily of innate immune cells. These are highly specialized macrophages found either in the parenchyma, called microglia, or at the CNS interfaces, such as leptomeningeal, perivascular, and choroid plexus macrophages. While they were primarily thought of as phagocytes, their function extends well beyond simple removal of cell debris during development and diseases. Brain-resident innate immune cells were found to be plastic, long-lived, and host to an outstanding number of risk genes for multiple pathologies. As a result, they are now considered the most suitable targets for modulating CNS diseases. Additionally, recent single-cell technologies enhanced our molecular understanding of their origins, fates, interactomes, and functional cell states during health and perturbation. Here, we review the current state of our understanding and challenges of the myeloid cell biology in the CNS and treatment options for related diseases.
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