期刊
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
卷 49, 期 9, 页码 2114-2125出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02736-9
关键词
3D printing; Growth factor; Protein delivery; Tissue engineering; Biomaterials
资金
- National Institutes of Health [P41 EB023833]
- Robert and Janice McNair Foundation MD/PhD Student Scholar Program
- Rubicon postdoctoral fellowship from the Dutch Research Council (NWO) [019.182EN.004]
This study investigated the effect of different printing temperatures on the bioactivity of BMP-2 in 3D printed constructs. The results showed that constructs printed at physiological and intermediate temperatures exhibited similar bioactive BMP-2 release as non-printed particulate delivery vehicles, while elevated printing temperature led to decreased bioactive BMP-2 release. These findings provide insights into the impact of elevated printing temperatures on BMP-2 bioactivity during extrusion-based 3D printing and guide material selection for 3D printing with growth factors.
Growth factors such as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) are potent tools for tissue engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers a potential strategy for delivery of BMP-2 from polymeric constructs; however, these biomolecules are sensitive to inactivation by the elevated temperatures commonly employed during extrusion-based 3D printing. Therefore, we aimed to correlate printing temperature to the bioactivity of BMP-2 released from 3D printed constructs composed of a model polymer, poly(propylene fumarate). Following encapsulation of BMP-2 in poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles, growth factor-loaded fibers were fabricated at three different printing temperatures. Resulting constructs underwent 28 days of aqueous degradation for collection of released BMP-2. Supernatants were then assayed for the presence of bioactive BMP-2 using a cellular assay for alkaline phosphatase activity. Cumulative release profiles indicated that BMP-2 released from constructs that were 3D printed at physiologic and intermediate temperatures exhibited comparable total amounts of bioactive BMP-2 release as those encapsulated in non-printed particulate delivery vehicles. Meanwhile, the elevated printing temperature of 90 degrees C resulted in a decreased amount of total bioactive BMP-2 release from the fibers. These findings elucidate the effects of elevated printing temperatures on BMP-2 bioactivity during extrusion-based 3D printing, and enlighten polymeric material selection for 3D printing with growth factors.
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