A Ge/Carbon Atomic-Scale Hybrid Anode Material: A Micro-Nano Gradient Porous Structure with High Cycling Stability

The continuous growth of the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) and material crushing are the fundamental issues that hinder the application of Ge anodes in lithium-ion batteries. Solving Ge deformation crushing during discharge/charge cycles is challenging using conventional carbon coating modification methods. Due to the chemical stability and high melting point of carbon (3500 degrees C), Ge/carbon hybridization at the atomic level is challenging. By selecting a suitable carbon source and introducing an active medium, we have achieved the Ge/carbon doping at the atom-level, and this Ge/carbon anode shows excellent electrochemical performance. The reversible capacity is maintained at 1127 mAh g(-1) after 1000 cycles (2 A g(-1) (2-71 cycles), 4 A g(-1) (72-1000 cycles)) with a retention of 84 % compared to the second cycle. The thickness of the SEI is only 17.4 nm after 1000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance and stable SEI fully reflect the application potential of this material.

Automated summary

By selecting a suitable carbon source and introducing an active medium, Ge/carbon doping at the atom level was achieved, leading to excellent electrochemical performance. The Ge/carbon anode maintained a reversible capacity of 1127 mAh g(-1) after 1000 cycles with a retention of 84% compared to the second cycle, while the SEI thickness was only 17.4 nm after 1000 cycles, reflecting the material's application potential.