Towards spatial comprehensive three-dimensional liquid chromatography: A tutorial review

In spatial comprehensive three-dimensional chromatography (3D-LC) components are separated within a three-dimensional separation space that can lead to unprecedented resolving power, in terms of peak capacity and peak-production rate. The maximum peak capacity is the product of the peak capacities achieved in the individual dimensions when orthogonal retention mechanisms are incorporated. The parallel development of the second- and third-dimension separation stages overcomes the fundamental limitation of conventional multi-dimensional approaches, in which sampled fractions are analyzed sequentially. General considerations for chip design are discussed and possibilities and prospects to establish spatial comprehensive 3D-LC analysis are presented. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

In spatial comprehensive three-dimensional chromatography (3D-LC), unprecedented resolving power is achieved within a three-dimensional separation space, with the maximum peak capacity being the product of peak capacities achieved in individual dimensions. The parallel development of second- and third-dimension separation stages overcomes the limitations of conventional multi-dimensional approaches.