4.6 Editorial Material

Trauma, Resilience, Anxiety Disorders, and PTSD

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Pervasively Thinner Neocortex as a Transdiagnostic Feature of General Psychopathology

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Summary: Neuroimaging research suggests that pervasive reductions in neocortical thickness are common across all forms of mental disorders, indicating a transdiagnostic feature of general psychopathology. The underlying brain structural correlates of mental disorders may lack specificity, and pursuing such specific correlates could limit progress towards effective strategies for understanding, preventing, and intervening in mental disorders.

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Maternal Psychological Resilience During Pregnancy and Newborn Telomere Length: A Prospective Study

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Summary: The study found that maternal psychological resilience during pregnancy may have a positive impact on offspring telomere biology, highlighting the importance of enhancing maternal mental health and well-being during pregnancy.

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Large-Scale Functional Brain Network Architecture Changes Associated With Trauma-Related Dissociation

Lauren A. M. Lebois et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that brain connectivity-based methods can be used to estimate the severity of dissociative symptoms, which is more effective than conventional group-based network analysis. The estimation of dissociative symptoms mainly involves connections between the default mode and frontoparietal control networks.

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The Overlapping Neurobiology of Induced and Pathological Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of Functional Neural Activation

Alice Chavanne et al.

Summary: This meta-analysis reveals a consistent pattern of activation across induced and pathological anxiety, suggesting some overlapping neurobiological mechanisms and indicating that induced anxiety could potentially serve as a model for certain anxiety disorders. However, it may be a more suitable model for some disorders than others.

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A Randomized Controlled Trial of Repeated Ketamine Administration for Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Adriana Feder et al.

Summary: This randomized controlled trial demonstrated the efficacy of repeated ketamine infusions in reducing symptom severity in individuals with chronic PTSD, showing superior improvement in the ketamine group compared to the midazolam group. The ketamine group had a higher treatment responder rate and good tolerability, indicating the potential of ketamine as a treatment for chronic PTSD.

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Learning About Safety: Conditioned Inhibition as a Novel Approach to Fear Reduction Targeting the Developing Brain

Paola Odriozola et al.

Summary: Adolescence is a peak time for the onset of psychiatric disorders, with anxiety disorders being the most common and affecting as many as 30% of youths. A core feature of anxiety disorders is difficulty regulating fear, with interventions for anxious youths needing to consider the biological state of the developing brain. Safety signal learning may offer a novel and neurodevelopmentally optimized approach to enhancing treatment outcomes for youths with anxiety disorders.

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Intrusive Traumatic Reexperiencing: Pathognomonic of the Psychological Response to Traumatic Stress

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Two Decades of Anxiety Neuroimaging Research: New Insights and a Look to the Future

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Ketamine for PTSD: Well, Isn't That Special

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Building Resilience for Generations: The Tip of the Chromosome

Stacy S. Drury

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Dissociation by Network Integration

Vinod Menon

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY (2021)