Capillaries communicate with the arteriolar microvascular network by a pannexin/purinergic-dependent pathway in hamster skeletal muscle

We sought to determine if a pannexin/purinergic-dependent intravascular communication pathway exists in skeletal muscle microvasculature that facilitates capillary communication with upstream arterioles that control their perfusion. Using the hamster cremaster muscle and intravital microscopy, we locally stimulated capillaries and observed the vasodilatory response in the associated upstream 4A arteriole. We stimulated capillaries with vasodilators relevant to muscle contraction: 10(-6) M S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP; nitric oxide donor), 10(-6) M adenosine, 10 mM potassium chloride, 10(-5) M pinacidil, as well as a known initiator of gap-junction-dependent intravascular communication, acetylcholine (10(-5) M), in the absence and the presence of the purinergic membrane receptor blocker suramin (10(-5) M), pannexin blocker mefloquine (2 x 10(-5) M), or probenecid (5 x 10(-6) M) and gap-junction inhibitor halothane (0.07%) applied in the transmission pathway, between the capillary stimulation site and the upstream 4A observation site. Potassium chloride, SNAP, and adenosine-induced upstream vasodilations were significantly inhibited by suramin, mefloquine, and probenecid but not halothane, indicating the involvement of a pannexin/purinergicdependent signaling pathway. Conversely, SNAP-induced upstream vasodilation was only inhibited by halothane indicating that communication was facilitated by gap junctions. Both pinacidil and acetylcholine were inhibited by suramin but only acetylcholine was inhibited by halothane. These data demonstrate the presence of a pannexin/purinergic-dependent communication pathway between capillaries and upstream arterioles controlling their perfusion. This pathway adds to the gap-junction-dependent pathway that exists at this vascular level as well. Given that vasodilators relevant to muscle contraction can use both of these pathways, our data implicate the involvement of both pathways in the coordination of skeletal muscle blood flow. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Blood flow control during increased metabolic demand in skeletal muscle is not fully understood. Capillaries have been implicated in controlling blood flow to active skeletal muscle, but how capillaries communicate to the arteriolar vascular network is not clear. Our study uncovers a novel pathway through which capillaries can communicate to upstream arterioles to cause vasodilation and therefore control perfusion. This work implicates a new vascular communication pathway in blood flow control in skeletal muscle.

Automated summary

This study identified a pannexin/purinergic-dependent communication pathway between capillaries and upstream arterioles, indicating a new mechanism for blood flow control in skeletal muscle. The involvement of both pannexin/purinergic-dependent and gap-junction-dependent pathways in coordinating skeletal muscle blood flow was demonstrated.