期刊
BIOMEDICINES
卷 8, 期 12, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120549
关键词
high-density lipoproteins; inflammation; HDL modifications; dysfunctional HDL
资金
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research within the faculty of Medicine at the RWTH Aachen University
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)
- NWO-ZonMw Veni [91619053]
- Else Kroner-Fresenius Stiftung [2018-A123]
- BMBF (German Ministry of Education and Research)
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is well-known for its cardioprotective effects, as it possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-thrombotic, and cytoprotective properties. Traditionally, studies and therapeutic approaches have focused on raising HDL cholesterol levels. Recently, it became evident that, not HDL cholesterol, but HDL composition and functionality, is probably a more fruitful target. In disorders, such as chronic kidney disease or cardiovascular diseases, it has been observed that HDL is modified and becomes dysfunctional. There are different modification that can occur, such as serum amyloid, an enrichment and oxidation, carbamylation, and glycation of key proteins. Additionally, the composition of HDL can be affected by changes to enzymes such as cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) or by modification to other important components. This review will highlight some main modifications to HDL and discuss whether these modifications are purely a consequential result of pathology or are actually involved in the pathology itself and have a causal role. Therefore, HDL composition may present a molecular target for the amelioration of certain diseases, but more information is needed to determine to what extent HDL modifications play a causal role in disease development.
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