4.4 Article

The Miocene: The Future of the Past

期刊

出版社

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2020PA004037

关键词

climate modeling; paleobiota; paleoclimate; paleoenvironments; review; the Miocene

资金

  1. Bolin Center for Climate Research, Stockholm University
  2. Swedish Research Council [2018-06,618, NT7-2016 04,905, 2016-03,912, 2016-04,434]
  3. United States National Science Foundation (NSF) [1602905]
  4. Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences program - Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
  5. Global Change, Sedimentary Geology & Paleobiology, and Geobiology and Low-temperature Geochemistry programs [1349749, 1561027]
  6. UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/P019102]
  7. Royal Society fellowship
  8. Directorate For Geosciences
  9. Division Of Ocean Sciences [1602905] Funding Source: National Science Foundation

向作者/读者索取更多资源

The Miocene epoch was a period of global warmth with dynamic climate changes. Despite efforts to reconcile Miocene conditions with climate models, discrepancies remain. Research is ongoing to improve understanding of Miocene climate, ocean circulation, biogeochemical cycling, ice sheet dynamics, and biotic adaptation through new data integration.
The Miocene epoch (23.03-5.33 Ma) was a time interval of global warmth, relative to today. Continental configurations and mountain topography transitioned toward modern conditions, and many flora and fauna evolved into the same taxa that exist today. Miocene climate was dynamic: long periods of early and late glaciation bracketed a similar to 2 Myr greenhouse interval-the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO). Floras, faunas, ice sheets, precipitation, pCO(2), and ocean and atmospheric circulation mostly (but not ubiquitously) covaried with these large changes in climate. With higher temperatures and moderately higher pCO(2) (similar to 400-600 ppm), the MCO has been suggested as a particularly appropriate analog for future climate scenarios, and for assessing the predictive accuracy of numerical climate models-the same models that are used to simulate future climate. Yet, Miocene conditions have proved difficult to reconcile with models. This implies either missing positive feedbacks in the models, a lack of knowledge of past climate forcings, or the need for re-interpretation of proxies, which might mitigate the model-data discrepancy. Our understanding of Miocene climatic, biogeochemical, and oceanic changes on broad spatial and temporal scales is still developing. New records documenting the physical, chemical, and biotic aspects of the Earth system are emerging, and together provide a more comprehensive understanding of this important time interval. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in Miocene climate, ocean circulation, biogeochemical cycling, ice sheet dynamics, and biotic adaptation research as inferred through proxy observations and modeling studies.

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