Exploring Rapid Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants with Porous CuO Nanosheets: Synthesis, Dye Removal, and Kinetic Studies at Room Temperature

In this work, we report the facile, environmentally friendly, room-temperature (RT) synthesis of porous CuO nanosheets and their application as a photocatalyst to degrade an organic pollutant/food dye using NaBH4 as the reducing agent in an aqueous medium. Ultrahigh-resolution field effect scanning electron microscopy images of CuO displayed a broken nanosheet-like (a length of similar to 160 nm, a width of similar to 65 nm) morphology, and the lattice strain was estimated to be similar to 1.24 x 10(-3) using the Williamson-Hall analysis of X-ray diffraction plots. Owing to the strong quantum size confinement effect, CuO nanosheets resulted in an optical energy band gap of similar to 1.92 eV, measured using Tauc plots of the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrum, resulting in excellent photocatalytic efficiency. The RT synthesized CuO catalyst showed a high Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface area of 30.88 +/- 0.2313 m(2)/g (a correlation coefficient of 0.99972) with an average Barrett-Joyner-Halenda pore size of similar to 20.385 nm. The obtained porous CuO nanosheets exhibited a high crystallinity of 73.5% with a crystallite size of similar to 12 nm and was applied as an efficient photocatalyst for degradation of the organic pollutant/food dye, Allura Red AC (AR) dye, as monitored by UV-vis spectrophotometric analysis and evidenced by a color change from red to colorless. From UV-vis spectra, CuO nanosheets exhibited an efficient and ultrafast photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 96.99% for the AR dye in an aqueous medium within 6 min at RT. According to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, photodegradation reaction kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order reaction with a rate constant of k = 0.524 min(-1) and a half-life (t(1/2)) of 2.5 min for AR dye degradation in the aqueous medium. The CuO nanosheets showed an outstanding recycling ability for AR degradation and would be highly favorable and an efficient catalyst due to the synergistic effect of high adsorption capability and photodegradation of the food dye.

Automated summary

A facile and environmentally friendly method was used to synthesize porous CuO nanosheets, which were successfully applied as a photocatalyst for degrading organic pollutants/food dyes. The CuO nanosheets demonstrated excellent photocatalytic efficiency and high crystallinity, allowing for rapid degradation of food dyes in a short period of time.