The Use of Hides during and after Calving in New Zealand Dairy Cows

Simple Summary Dairy cows are known to seek isolation during calving. While some regions in the world provide individual calving pens, in pasture-based systems, cows frequently calve in large outdoor groups. We aimed to determine how provision of a hide would impact choice of calving location and behavior of the cow and calf. The hides in this study were designed with farmer-utility in mind and were built of heavy-duty gates that could fold out of the way when not needed. When opportunity for seclusion was available, approximately 20% of the cows calved within a hide; however, post-calving seclusion was frequently sought, with over half of the cow-calf pairs moving into hides. When cows and calves isolated after calving, their interaction with other animals was reduced. Hide presence resulted in more dispersed calving location compared to when hides were not available. Factors such as increasing stocking density, and cow age, reduced hide use. This work demonstrates that group housed cows should be provided with a choice regarding calving location. Isolation during calving is a common dairy cow behavior, however it has not been examined in large outdoor group settings. The provision of hides was monitored for its impact on calving location and cow-calf behavior. Stocking density and bedding management were either controlled (Phase 1) or managed according to farm practice (Phase 2). Hides were used for calving by 18% (Phase 1) and 22% (Phase 2) of the cows; a further 59% and 44% of cows moved into the hides after calving (Phase 1 and 2, respectively). When hides were not available, cows calved near the edges of the calving area. In Phase 2, as stocking density increased, cows tended to use the hides less. Older cows were less likely to isolate regardless of management. Cow-calf interaction with other cows and calves was lower when hides were available. There was no evidence that hides reduced incorrect matching of cows and calves by staff, however cases of mismothering (i.e., calves being taken by other dams) were observed. Since the majority of cows used the hides at some stage before or after calving, we suggest opportunities for seclusion should be provided in large calving groups.