Janus Micromotors for Electrochemical Sensing and Biosensing Applications: A Review

Self-propelled micromotors offer considerable promise to solve electroanalytical challenges. This timely review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential of Janus micromotors for new electroanalytical and biosensing applications. We will describe first the use of Janus micromotors to assist electrochemical measurements using strip-based microvolume electrodes. Recent advances on actively moving electrochemical (bio)sensors, ranging from enzyme-powered to light-emitting electrochemically powered Janus micromotors, will be also described. We hope that this Review provides the reader with some general knowledge and future prospect of the potential of Janus micromotors for electroanalysis.