期刊
PHARMACEUTICS
卷 12, 期 12, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121171
关键词
drug delivery; extracellular vesicles; clinical applications
资金
- M.J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research [19-5960]
- Elsa U Pardee Foundation [17-4676]
- Batten Disease Support and Research Association [A20-0944]
- Eshelman Institute for Innovation grant [UNC EII38-124]
Drug nanoformulations hold remarkable promise for the efficient delivery of therapeutics to a disease site. Unfortunately, artificial nanocarriers, mostly liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, show limited applications due to the unfavorable pharmacokinetics and rapid clearance from the blood circulation by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Besides, many of them have high cytotoxicity, low biodegradability, and the inability to cross biological barriers, including the blood brain barrier. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are novel candidates for drug delivery systems with high bioavailability, exceptional biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. They provide a means for intercellular communication and the transmission of bioactive compounds to targeted tissues, cells, and organs. These features have made them increasingly attractive as a therapeutic platform in recent years. However, there are many obstacles to designing EV-based therapeutics. In this review, we will outline the main hurdles and limitations for therapeutic and clinical applications of drug loaded EV formulations and describe various attempts to solve these problems.
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