The Metabolic Mechanisms of Breast Cancer Metastasis

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Metastasis is mainly responsible for treatment failure and is the cause of most breast cancer deaths. The role of metabolism in the progression and metastasis of breast cancer is gradually being emphasized. However, the regulatory mechanisms that conduce to cancer metastasis by metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer have not been expounded. Breast cancer cells exhibit different metabolic phenotypes depending on their molecular subtypes and metastatic sites. Both intrinsic factors, such as MYC amplification, PIK3CA, and TP53 mutations, and extrinsic factors, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, and acidosis, contribute to different metabolic reprogramming phenotypes in metastatic breast cancers. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis will provide important clues to develop novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

Automated summary

Breast cancer is a common malignancy among women worldwide, with metastasis playing a key role in treatment failure and mortality. Metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer cells varies depending on molecular subtypes and metastatic sites, influenced by both intrinsic (MYC amplification, PIK3CA, TP53 mutations) and extrinsic factors (hypoxia, oxidative stress, acidosis). Understanding the metabolic mechanisms driving breast cancer metastasis can lead to novel therapeutic approaches for metastatic breast cancer.