TGFBR3L-An Uncharacterised Pituitary Specific Membrane Protein Detected in the Gonadotroph Cells in Non-Neoplastic and Tumour Tissue

Simple Summary: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumours originate from the endocrine cells of the anterior pituitary gland and may develop from any of the cell lineages responsible for producing the different pituitary hormones. The details related to tumour differentiation and hormone production in these tumours are not fully understood. The aim of our study was to investigate an uncharacterised pituitary enriched protein, transforming growth factor beta-receptor 3 like (TGFBR3L). The TGFBR3L protein is highly expressed in the pituitary compared to other organs. We found the protein to be gonadotroph-specific, i.e., detected in the cells that express follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones (FSH/LH). The gonadotroph-specific nature of TGFBR3L, a correlation to both FSH and LH as well as an inverse correlation to membranous E-cadherin and oestrogen receptor beta suggests a role in gonadotroph cell development and function and, possibly, tumour progression. Here, we report the investigation of transforming growth factor beta-receptor 3 like (TGFBR3L), an uncharacterised pituitary specific membrane protein, in non-neoplastic anterior pituitary gland and pituitary neuroendocrine tumours. A polyclonal antibody produced within the Human Protein Atlas project (HPA074356) was used for TGFBR3L staining and combined with SF1 and FSH for a 3-plex fluorescent protocol, providing more details about the cell lineage specificity of TGFBR3L expression. A cohort of 230 pituitary neuroendocrine tumours were analysed. In a subgroup of previously characterised gonadotroph tumours, correlation with expression of FSH/LH, E-cadherin, oestrogen (ER) and somatostatin receptors (SSTR) was explored. TGFBR3L showed membranous immunolabeling and was found to be gonadotroph cell lineage-specific, verified by co-expression with SF1 and FSH/LH staining in both tumour and non-neoplastic anterior pituitary tissues. TGFBR3L immunoreactivity was observed in gonadotroph tumours only and demonstrated intra-tumour heterogeneity with a perivascular location. TGFBR3L immunostaining correlated positively to both FSH (R = 0.290) and LH (R = 0.390) immunostaining, and SSTR3 (R = 0.315). TGFBR3L correlated inversely to membranous E-cadherin staining (R = -0.351) and oestrogen receptor beta mRNA (R = -0.274). In conclusion, TGFBR3L is a novel pituitary gland specific protein, located in the membrane of gonadotroph cells in non-neoplastic anterior pituitary gland and in a subset of gonadotroph pituitary tumours.

Automated summary

TGFBR3L is a novel pituitary gland specific membrane protein, located in the membrane of gonadotroph cells in non-neoplastic anterior pituitary gland and in a subset of gonadotroph pituitary tumors. It is highly expressed in the pituitary and specifically detected in cells expressing FSH and LH, showing positive correlation with FSH and LH while inversely correlated with E-cadherin and estrogen receptor beta.