Source identification and global implications of black carbon

Black carbon (BC) is one of the short-lived air pollutants that contributes significantly to aerosol radiative forcing and global climate change. It is emitted by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofue Is, and biomass. Urban environments are quite complex and thus, the use of mobile jointly with fixed monitoring provides a better understanding of the dynamics of BC distribution in such areas. The present study addresses the measurement of BC concentration using real-time mobile and ambient monitoring in Barranquilla, an industrialized urban area of the Colombian Caribbean. A microaethalometer (MA200) and an aethalometer (AE33) were used for measuring the BC concentration. The absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) values were determined for the study area, for identifying the BC emission sources. The results of the ambient sampling show that vehicle traffic emissions prevail; however, the influence of biomass burning was also observed. The mean ambient BC concentration was found to be 1.04 +/- 1.03 mu g/m(3) and varied between 0.5 and 4.0 mu g/m(3). From the mobile measurements obtained in real traffic conditions on the road, a much higher average value of 16.1 +/- 16.5 mu g/m(3 )was measured. Many parts of the city showed BC concentrations higher than 20 mu g/m(3). The spatial distribution of BC concentration shows that vehicle emissions and traffic jams, a consequence of road and transport infrastructure, are the factors that most affect the BC concentration. A comparison of results obtained from two aethalometers indicates that the concentrations measured by MA200 are 9% lower than those measured by AE33. The ME obtained was found to vary between 1.1 and 1.6, indicating vehicular emissions as the most crucial source. In addition, it was observed that the BC concentration on working days was 25 times higher than on the weekends in the case of mobile monitoring and 1.5 times higher in the case of ambient monitoring. (C) 2021 China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

Automated summary

This study measured the black carbon (BC) concentration in the industrialized urban area of Barranquilla, Colombia, using both mobile and ambient monitoring. The results showed that vehicle traffic emissions were the primary source of BC, although biomass burning also had an influence. The concentration of BC was most affected by vehicle emissions and traffic congestion caused by road and transport infrastructure.