End-to-end nanophotonic inverse design for imaging and polarimetry

By codesigning a metaoptical front end in conjunction with an image-processing back end, we demonstrate noise sensitivity and compactness substantially superior to either an optics-only or a computation-only approach, illustrated by two examples: subwavelength imaging and reconstruction of the full polarization coherence matrices of multiple light sources. Our end-to-end inverse designs couple the solution of the full Maxwell equations-exploiting all aspects of wave physics arising in subwavelength scatterers-with inverse-scattering algorithms in a single large-scale optimization involving >= 10(4) degrees of freedom. The resulting structures scatter light in away that is radically different from either a conventional lens or a random microstructure, and suppress the noise sensitivity of the inverse-scattering computation by several orders of magnitude. Incorporating the full wave physics is especially crucial for detecting spectral and polarization information that is discarded by geometric optics and scalar diffraction theory.

Automated summary

By codesigning a metaoptical front end with an image-processing back end, we are able to achieve superior noise sensitivity and compactness compared to optics-only or computation-only approaches. This method is demonstrated through examples of subwavelength imaging and reconstruction of multiple light sources' full polarization coherence matrices. Incorporating full wave physics in the design process is crucial for detecting discarded spectral and polarization information.