期刊
SUSTAINABILITY
卷 13, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/su13020829
关键词
managed retreat; resettlement; climate change; hazards; informal settlements; urban development; COVID-19; Metro Manila
资金
- Linking Disaster Risk Governance and Land Use Planning: the Case of Informal Settlers in Hazard Prone Areas in the Philippines (LIRLAP)
- German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) [FKZ 01LE1906C]
The study highlights the importance of contextual factors in the success of managed retreat and resettlement projects, with a central focus on the resettlement of informal settlers in urban development. While in-city resettlement is preferred, the majority of projects are located in off-city areas.
Managed retreat has become a recommended adaptation strategy for hazard-prone coastal cities. The study aimed to improve considerations for the contextual factors that influence the success of managed retreat and resettlement projects in Metro Manila. Data were collected through a mixed-method approach consisting of a screening of relevant literature, a qualitative case analysis of resettlement projects, and a workshop series with Philippine stakeholders. It turned out that the resettlement of informal settlers is a central element of urban development. Though in-city resettlement is preferred, the majority of existing and planned projects are developed in off-city locations. The findings present a nuanced view of different retreat approaches. Not all in-city resettlements are successful, and the unpopular off-city projects have a potentially important role for urban and regional development. A strategic planning thread to develop concepts for qualitative off-city settlements that counteract uncontrolled urban sprawl with monofunctional residential areas for urban poor people was deduced. The other thread asks for pathways for inner-city development with innovative, vertical, in-city projects. A final observation was that climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic are worsening the situation in informal settlements, thus strengthening the argument for the planned decentralization of Metro Manila's congested urban areas.
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