期刊
ECOLOGY LETTERS
卷 19, 期 12, 页码 1395-1402出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/ele.12687
关键词
Apiformes; ectothermy; endothermy; heterothermy; seasonality; temperature; thermoregulation
类别
资金
- Spanish MICINN [CGL2009-12646, CSD2008-0040, CGL2013-41856, BES-2010-042520]
- Catalan AGAUR (FI fellowship) [2012 FI SO080484]
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico of Brazil [CNPq PDS-167533/2013-4]
Bergmann's rule originally described a positive relationship between body size and latitude in warm-blooded animals. Larger animals, with a smaller surface/volume ratio, are better enabled to conserve heat in cooler climates (thermoregulatory hypothesis). Studies on endothermic vertebrates have provided support for Bergmann's rule, whereas studies on ectotherms have yielded conflicting results. If the thermoregulatory hypothesis is correct, negative relationships between body size and temperature should occur in temporal in addition to geographical gradients. To explore this possibility, we analysed seasonal activity patterns in a bee fauna comprising 245 species. In agreement with our hypothesis of a different relationship for large (endothermic) and small (ectothermic) species, we found that species larger than 27.81 mg (dry weight) followed Bergmann's rule, whereas species below this threshold did not. Our results represent a temporal extension of Bergmann's rule and indicate that body size and thermal physiology play an important role in structuring community phenology.
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