Development and Validation of a Simplified Probability Assessment Score Integrated With Age-Adjusted D-Dimer for Diagnosis of Acute Aortic Syndromes

BACKGROUND: When acute aortic syndromes (AASs) are suspected, pretest clinical probability assessment and D-dimer (DD) testing are diagnostic options allowing standardized care. Guidelines suggest use of a 12-item/3-category score (aortic dissection detection) and a DD cutoff of 500 ng/mL. However, a simplified assessment tool and a more specific DD cutoff could be advantageous. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a prospective derivation cohort (n=1848), 6 items identified by logistic regression (thoracic aortic aneurysm, severe pain, sudden pain, pulse deficit, neurologic deficit, hypotension), composed a simplified score (AORTAs) assigning 2 points to hypotension and 1 to the other items. AORTAs <= 1 and >= 2 defined low and high clinical probability, respectively. Age-adjusted DD was calculated as years/age x 10 ng/mL (minimum 500). The AORTAs score and AORTAs <= 1/age-adjusted DD rule were validated in 2 patient cohorts: a high-prevalence retrospective cohort (n=1035; 22% AASs) and a low-prevalence prospective cohort (n=447; 11% AASs) subjected to 30-day follow-up. The AUC of the AORTAs score was 0.729 versus 0.697 of the aortic dissection detection score (P=0.005). AORTAs score assessment reclassified 16.6% to 25.1% of patients, with significant net reclassification improvement of 10.3% to 32.7% for AASs and -8.6 to -17% for alternative diagnoses. In both cohorts, AORTA >= 2 had superior sensitivity and slightly lower specificity than aortic dissection detection >= 2 In the prospective validation cohort, AORTAs <= 1/age-adjusted DD had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 48.6%, and an efficiency of 43.3%. CONCLUSIONS: AORTAs is a simplified score with increased sensitivity, improved AAS classification, and minor trade-off in specificity, amenable to integration with age-adjusted DD for diagnostic rule-out.

Automated summary

The study identified a simplified scoring tool (AORTAs) that increases sensitivity, improves AAS classification, and makes minor adjustments in specificity, amenable to integration with age-adjusted DD for diagnostic rule-out.