A transcriptomic taxonomy of Drosophila circadian neurons around the clock

Many different functions are regulated by circadian rhythms, including those orchestrated by discrete clock neurons within animal brains. To comprehensively characterize and assign cell identity to the 75 pairs of Drosophila circadian neurons, we optimized a single-cell RNA sequencing method and assayed clock neuron gene expression at different times of day. The data identify at least 17 clock neuron categories with striking spatial regulation of gene expression. Transcription factor regulation is prominent and likely contributes to the robust circadian oscillation of many transcripts, including those that encode cell-surface proteins previously shown to be important for cell recognition and synapse formation during development. The many other clock-regulated genes also constitute an important resource for future mechanistic and functional studies between clock neurons and/or for temporal signaling to circuits elsewhere in the fly brain.

Automated summary

This study identified at least 17 different categories of clock neurons in fruit flies, with gene expression showing significant spatial regulation. It was also found that transcription factor regulation plays a prominent role in the circadian oscillation of many genes in clock neurons, including those encoding cell-surface proteins important for cell recognition and synapse formation. The data from this research serve as an important resource for future studies on the mechanisms and functions of clock neurons, as well as for understanding temporal signaling in circuits throughout the fly brain.