The future of invasive African grasses in South America under climate change

Climate change will promote substantial effects on the distribution of invasive species. Here, I used an ensemble of bioclimatic envelope models (Gower Distance, Chebyshev Distance, and Mahalanobis Distance) to forecast climatically suitable areas of South America for 13 invasive African grass species under future climate conditions (year 2050). Under current climatic conditions, the areas with the potential for the highest invasive species richness are located mostly in the tropical climates of South America, except for the Amazon region. In the year 2050, the overall pattern of invasive species richness will not change considerably, and increases in northeastern Amazon and portions of the temperate regions of South America are predicted. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.