Cognitive Reserve in Model Systems for Mechanistic Discovery: The Importance of Longitudinal Studies

The goal of this review article is to provide a resource for longitudinal studies, using animal models, directed at understanding and modifying the relationship between cognition and brain structure and function throughout life. We propose that forthcoming longitudinal studies will build upon a wealth of knowledge gleaned from prior cross-sectional designs to identify early predictors of variability in cognitive function during aging, and characterize fundamental neurobiological mechanisms that underlie the vulnerability to, and the trajectory of, cognitive decline. Finally, we present examples of biological measures that may differentiate mechanisms of the cognitive reserve at the molecular, cellular, and network level.

Automated summary

This review aims to provide resources for longitudinal studies using animal models to understand and modify the relationship between cognition and brain structure and function. Future studies will identify early predictors of cognitive function variability during aging and characterize neurobiological mechanisms underlying cognitive decline. Additionally, examples of biological measures that differentiate cognitive reserve mechanisms at molecular, cellular, and network levels are presented.