4.7 Article

Microplastics in fish and fishmeal: an emerging environmental challenge?

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
卷 11, 期 1, 页码 -

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NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81499-8

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  1. EPSRC Doctoral Programme
  2. University of Southampton Work Experience Scheme
  3. Blue Marine Foundation, London, UK
  4. Southampton Marine and Maritime Institute Leverhulme Trust Doctoral Scholarship

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Microplastics are emerging contaminants that are ingested by marine biota. Studies have shown that whitefish fishmeal samples contain a high number of microplastic particles, with processed fishmeal having higher concentrations than captured fish.
Microplastics are contaminants of emerging concern; they are ingested by marine biota. About a quarter of global marine fish landings is used to produce fishmeal for animal and aquaculture feed. To provide a knowledge foundation for this matrix we reviewed the existing literature for studies of microplastics in fishmeal-relevant species. 55% of studies were deemed unsuitable due to focus on large microplastics (>1 mm), lack of, or limited contamination control and polymer testing techniques. Overall, fishmeal-relevant species exhibit 0.72 microplastics/individual, with studies generally only assessing digestive organs. We validated a density separation method for effectiveness of microplastic extraction from this medium and assessed two commercial products for microplastics. Recovery rates of a range of dosed microplastics from whitefish fishmeal samples were 71.3 +/- 1.2%. Commercial samples contained 123.9 +/- 16.5 microplastics per kg of fishmeal-mainly polyethylene-including 52.0 +/- 14.0 microfibres-mainly rayon. Concentrations in processed fishmeal seem higher than in captured fish, suggesting potential augmentation during the production process. Based on conservative estimates, over 300 million microplastic particles (mostly<1 mm) could be released annually to the oceans through marine aquaculture alone. Fishmeal is both a source of microplastics to the environment, and directly exposes organisms for human consumption to these particles.

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