期刊
ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS
卷 128, 期 -, 页码 177-186出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.03.010
关键词
Raw material consumption; Material footprint; Material flow accounting; Input-output analysis; Sustainable resource use; Resource efficiency
资金
- Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management [BMLFUW-UW.1.4.18/0039-I/2/2014]
- EU FP7 DESIRE project [308552]
- DOC-team-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OAW) at the Institute of Social Ecology
Understanding the environmental implications of consumption and production depends on appropriate monitoring tools. Material flow accounting (MFA) is a method to monitor natural resource use by countries and has been widely used in research and policy. However, the increasing globalization requires the consideration of 'embodied' material use of traded products. The indicator raw material consumption (RMC) represents the material use - no matter where in the world it occurs - associated with domestic final demand. It provides a consumption-based perspective complementary to the MFA indicators that have a territorial focus. Several studies on RMC have been presented recently but with diverging results; hence, a better understanding of the underlying differences is needed. This article presents a comparison of Austrian RMC for the year 2007 calculated by six different approaches (3 multi-regional input-output (MRIO) and 3 hybrid life-cycle analysis-IO approaches). Five approaches result in an RMC higher than the domestic material consumption (DMC). One hybrid LCA-IO approach calculates RMC to be lower than DMC. For specific material categories, results diverge by 50% or more. Due to the policy relevance of the RMC and DMC indicators it is paramount that their robustness is enhanced, which needs both data and method harmonization. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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