Prediction of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the Loess Plateau, Yan'an, China, using the TRIGRS model

In this work, a transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope-stability model (TRIGRS) was implemented in a case study of Yan'an City, Northwest China. In this area, widespread shallow landslides were triggered by the 12 July 2013 exceptional rainstorm event. A high-resolution DEM, soil parameters from in-situ and laboratory measurements, water table depths, the maximum depth of precipitation infiltration and rain-gauge-corrected precipitation of the event, were used as inputs in the TRIGRS model. Shallow landslides triggered on the same day were used to evaluate the modeling results. The summarized results are as follows: (i) The characteristics and distribution of thirty-five shallow landslides triggered by the 12 July 2013 rainfall event were identified in the study area and all were classified as shallow landslides with the maximum depth, area and volume less than 3m, 200m(2) and 1000m(3), respectively, (ii) Four intermediate factor of safety (F-S) maps were generated using the TRIGRS model to represent the scenarios 6, 12, 18 and 24hours after the storm event. The area with F-S<1 increased with the rainfall duration. The percentage of the area with F-S<1 was 0.2%, 3.3%, 3.8% and 5.1% for the four stages, respectively. Twenty-four hours after the rainstorm, TRIGRS predicted that 1255 grid cells failed, which is consistent with the field data. (iii) TRIGRS generated more satisfactory results at a given precipitation threshold than SINMAP, which is ideal for landslide hazard zoning for land-use planning at the regional scale. Comparison results showed that TRIGRS is more useful for landslide prediction for a certain precipitation threshold, also in the regional scale. (iv) Analysis of the responses of loess slope prone to slope failure after different precipitation scenarios revealed that loess slopes are particularly sensitive to extended periods of heavy precipitation. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.